Sea frogs for Olympus TG-6 195FT/60M Underwater Camera Waterproof Diving housing (Housing + Red Filter)

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Pyron, R. Alexander (2011). "Divergence time estimation using fossils as terminal taxa and the origins of Lissamphibia". Systematic Biology. 60 (4): 466–481. doi: 10.1093/sysbio/syr047. PMID 21540408. Overall, it appears that an increasing number of amphibian species are being recognised as being able to tolerate salt water in the natural environment. However, species vary hugely in their tolerance of salt water habitats and our knowledge of the degree to which amphibians have adapted to salt water is poorly understood, especially those in human dominated habitats. Further in-depth investigations are required to increase our understanding of the mechanisms behind the evolution of salt tolerance in amphibians and their response in a potentially changing environment. Frogs may lay their in eggs as clumps, surface films, strings, or individually. Around half of species deposit eggs in water, others lay eggs in vegetation, on the ground or in excavations. [133] [134] [135] The tiny yellow-striped pygmy eleuth ( Eleutherodactylus limbatus) lays eggs singly, burying them in moist soil. [136] The smoky jungle frog ( Leptodactylus pentadactylus) makes a nest of foam in a hollow. The eggs hatch when the nest is flooded, or the tadpoles may complete their development in the foam if flooding does not occur. [137] The red-eyed treefrog ( Agalychnis callidryas) deposits its eggs on a leaf above a pool and when they hatch, the larvae fall into the water below. [138] Roy, Debjani (1997). "Communication signals and sexual selection in amphibians" (PDF). Current Science. 72: 923–927. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-23.

Tatsunori, Seki; Sakae, Kikuyama; Noboru, Yanaihara (1995-10-15). "Morphology of the skin glands of the crab-eating frog: Rana cancrivora". Zoological Science. 12 (5): 623–6. doi: 10.2108/zsj.12.623. S2CID 86285729.Ford, L.S.; Cannatella, D. C. (1993). "The major clades of frogs". Herpetological Monographs. 7: 94–117. doi: 10.2307/1466954. JSTOR 1466954.

Kearney, B.D., Bryrne, P.G. & Reina, R.D. (2012) Larval tolerance to salinity in three species of Australian anuran: an indication of saline specialisation in Litoria aurea. PLOS ONE, 7 (8): e43427. tadpole, n.1.". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)a b Dorit, R. L.; Walker, W. F.; Barnes, R. D. (1991). Zoology. Saunders College Publishing. p. 849. ISBN 978-0-03-030504-7. In this article, Laurence Jarvis (Head of Conservation at Froglife), takes a closer look at salt tolerance in amphibians… Duellman, W. E. and L. Trueb (1986). Biology of Amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill Publishing Company. a b Howard, Ian P.; Rogers, Brian J. (1995). Binocular Vision and Stereopsis. Oxford University Press. p.651. ISBN 978-0195084764.

a b c d "frog, n.1 and adj.". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) anuran, n. and adj.". Oxford English Dictionary (Onlineed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.) a b Duellman, W. E.; Zug, G. R. "Anura: From tadpole to adult". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 2012-07-13. The food then moves through the oesophagus into the stomach where digestive enzymes are added and it is churned up. It then proceeds to the small intestine (duodenum and ileum) where most digestion occurs. Pancreatic juice from the pancreas, and bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, are secreted into the small intestine, where the fluids digest the food and the nutrients are absorbed. The food residue passes into the large intestine where excess water is removed and the wastes are passed out through the cloaca. [74] Jared, C.; Antoniazzi, M. M.; Navas, C. A.; Katchburian, E.; Freymüller, E.; Tambourgi, D. V.; Rodrigues, M. T. (2005). "Head co-ossification, phragmosis and defence in the casque-headed tree frog Corythomantis greeningi". Journal of Zoology. 265 (1): 1–8. doi: 10.1017/S0952836904005953. S2CID 59449901.Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2009). " {{{1}}} biocellatus " in FishBase. Sep 2009 version. Iskandar, D. T.; Evans, B. J.; McGu Weishampel, D. B.; Dodson, P.; Osmólska, H., eds. (2004). Dinosaur distribution (Early Jurassic, North America): The Dinosauria (2nded.). University of California Press. pp.530–532. ISBN 978-0-520-24209-8. Ruibal, Rodolfo; Shoemaker, Vaughan (1985). "Osteoderms in Anurans". Journal of Herpetology. 18 (3): 313–328. doi: 10.2307/1564085. JSTOR 1564085. a b Stebbins, Robert C.; Cohen, Nathan W. (1995). A Natural History of Amphibians. Princeton University Press. pp.67–69. ISBN 978-0-691-03281-8.

Shubin, N. H.; Jenkins, F. A. Jr (1995). "An Early Jurassic jumping frog". Nature. 377 (6544): 49–52. Bibcode: 1995Natur.377...49S. doi: 10.1038/377049a0. S2CID 4308225. Hilton, Bill Jr. (1986). Jug-o-Rum: Call of the Amorous Bullfrog. Vol.1. Hilton Pond Center for Piedmont Natural History. {{ cite book}}: |work= ignored ( help) a b c d "Frog's internal systems". TutorVista.com. 2010. Archived from the original on 2008-01-21 . Retrieved 2012-06-04. The burrowing frogs of Australia have a rather different lifestyle. The western spotted frog ( Heleioporus albopunctatus) digs a burrow beside a river or in the bed of an ephemeral stream and regularly emerges to forage. Mating takes place and eggs are laid in a foam nest inside the burrow. The eggs partially develop there, but do not hatch until they are submerged following heavy rainfall. The tadpoles then swim out into the open water and rapidly complete their development. [118] Madagascan burrowing frogs are less fossorial and mostly bury themselves in leaf litter. One of these, the green burrowing frog ( Scaphiophryne marmorata), has a flattened head with a short snout and well-developed metatarsal tubercles on its hind feet to help with excavation. It also has greatly enlarged terminal discs on its fore feet that help it to clamber around in bushes. [119] It breeds in temporary pools that form after rains. [120] Climbing Burmeister's leaf frog Group of glass frogsLips, K; Solís, F.; Ibáñez, R.; Jaramillo, C.; Fuenmayor, Q. (2010). " Atelopus zeteki". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010 . Retrieved 2012-08-02. Nash, Pat (February 2005). "The RRRRRRRRiveting Life of Tree Frogs". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09 . Retrieved 2012-08-04.